Type of Lock: The most common locks used in a controlled egress system are electromagnetic locks or delayed egress devices that have been modified to have an “infinite delay” instead of the typical 15-second delay. Both of these products would be fail safe, allowing free egress when power is removed. It’s possible that an electrified lockset could be used with a fail-safe lever handle on the egress side, but this is not a common application. Because many of the doors equipped with controlled egress locks are also fire doors, electric strikes would have to be fail secure and therefore an electric strike would not typically be used in a controlled egress system.
Code Requirements: Controlled egress is allowed in healthcare units equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system or automatic smoke or heat detection system where the clinical needs of those receiving care require such locking (this is left up to the AHJ). For most areas, locks must unlock to allow immediate egress upon actuation of the fire alarm or sprinkler system and upon power failure. A remote switch located at the fire command center, nurses’ station or ot
her approved location must directly break power to the lock to unlock the door. All clinical staff are required to carry the keys, codes or other credentials required to operate the locks, and the unlocking procedures must be part of the facility’s emergency plan. The IBC states that a building occupant must not be required to pass through more than one door with a controlled egress lock before entering an exit, and emergency lighting is required at the door. The 2015 IBC has added a requirement for the locking system to be listed in accordance with UL 294. The NFPA 101 requirements vary slightly, so refer to the referenced section for specifics.
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Exceptions: Some of the automatic unlocking protocols detailed above may not be required in certain types of facilities. The IBC and NFPA 101 vary. The IBC addresses psychiatric facilities and units where infant abduction systems are used, while NFPA 101 has different requirements, whether the concern is the safety or the security of the occupants. It’s best to consult with the AHJ if a modification of the base requirements is being considered.
Common Code Pitfalls: Because the codes are not specific about which areas of a healthcare facility may have controlled egress locks, the AHJ must decide where their use is acceptable. A common location would be a memory care unit housing patients with dementia, although areas such as pediatrics, maternity and emergency rooms may be considered. When this section was introduced in the 2009 IBC, the locks were incorrectly called “delayed egress locks” even though this section of the code does not require a time delay. This terminology was changed to “special egress” in the 2012 edition and is now called “controlled egress” in the 2015 edition.
More Information: IBC – 1010.1.9.6 (2015), 1008.1.9.6 (2012); NFPA 101 – 18.2.2.2.5-6, 19.2.2.2.5-6 (2015 and 2012)
